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cellulaire automaten

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Genetic Art

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(artificial) 3d evolution of plants

The first example of artificial evolution involves 3D plant structures which can be grown using a set of ``genetic'' parameters. Plant generation algorithms of various types have been shown to be useful examples of procedurally generated structures [29][25][22][21][16][1]. The model used in this work is described briefly below, but details have been omitted as the emphasis is on the evolutionary process.


Parameters describing fractal limits, branching factors, scaling, stochastic contributions, etc., are used to generate 3-dimensional tree structures consisting of connected segments. Growth rules use 21 genetic parameters and the hierarchy location of each segment in the tree to determine how fast that segment should grow, when it should generate new buds, and in which directions. The tree structures are grown in arbitrarily small increments for smooth simulation of development.

After a desirable tree structure has been evolved using interactive selection and the mutation methods described below, its phenotype can be saved for further manipulation. Solid polygonal branches can be generated with connected cylinders and cone shapes, and leaves can be generated by connecting sets of peripheral nodes with polygonal surfaces. Shading parameters, color, and bump textures can be assigned to make bark and leaf surfaces. These additional properties could also be selected and adjusted using artificial evolution, but due to the longer computation times involved to test samples, these parameters were adjusted by hand. In some cases, leaf shapes were evolved independently and then explicitly added to the tip segments of other evolved plant structures. A forest of plant structures created using these methods is shown in figure 3.


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